The EA error code typically signifies a fault in the temperature sensing or ignition system of the gas hot water heater. This can occur due to a failure in the temperature sensor, which is designed to monitor the water temperature and communicate with the control board. If the sensor fails or provides erroneous readings, the control board may trigger the EA code to prevent damage to the unit. Additionally, issues such as blocked venting can cause overheating, leading to a safety shutdown. The electrical logic is based on a series of feedback loops between the temperature sensor, control board, and gas supply components, which must operate within specified parameters for the system to function correctly.